Population census

The 2023 Population Census is now based on a new ‘register-based’ method of calculation, which involves bringing together the various existing databases and information systems (Civil Status and Nationality Department of Monaco City Hall, Police Department, Department of Education, Youth and Sport, Department of Forward Studies, Urban Planning and Mobility and State Property Authority).

This new method makes it possible to calculate changes in each of these data items every year, without having to conduct an exhaustive survey, which until now has been carried out every 8 years.

As of 31 December 2023, the Principality of Monaco had 38,367 inhabitants. The population increased by 2.8% compared with the previous census in 2016, i.e. by more than a thousand additional residents.

The population has grown by nearly 8,500 since 1990 and has almost doubled since 1951.

While the structure of the population pyramid has changed little for the under-40s between 2016 and 2023, the proportion of the population aged over 50 has increased, leading to a rise in the mean age of the population through successive censuses.

In 2023, for the first time, Monegasque nationals become the most represented in the Principality, accounting for 23.9% of the population. Conversely, the French, who accounted for almost 60% in 1962, have seen their share decline to 22.1% in 2023.

In 2023, the Principality had 21,123 housing units, both private and state-owned. The Monte-Carlo and La Rousse districts together accounted for almost 10,000 of these, or 45.9%.

Monaco-Ville and Larvotto are the districts with the fewest houses, with 576 and 1,263 units respectively.

The other four districts (La Condamine, Jardin Exotique, Fontvieille and Les Moneghetti) each have between 2,000 and 3,000 housing units.